Which of the following prohibits the use of necessity as a defense?

The prohibition of using necessity as a defense in the context of committing murder is based on the principles of criminal law. Necessity is a defense typically accepted in situations where a person acts to prevent a greater harm from occurring. However, the law holds that taking a human life, specifically in the act of murder, cannot be justified even if the perpetrator believes their actions are necessary to prevent a greater evil. In essence, the sanctity of life is protected under criminal law, and actions that lead to the unlawful taking of life surpass the threshold of acceptable defense based on necessity.

In contrast, other elements like avoiding minor legal infractions, engaging in personal conflicts, and allowing influences in decision-making typically present scenarios where necessity can be invoked, depending on the circumstances. These contexts may allow for justifiable actions that do not involve the severe moral and legal implications associated with murder. Thus, necessity cannot serve as a valid defense against the charge of murder due to the gravity and absolute nature of the crime.